What is an elevated tank?
An elevated tank is a specially constructed water tank that is usually placed in geographically elevated locations. It serves as a drinking water reservoir and thus for the permanent drinking water supply of the population. An inlet directs water into the tank, while an outlet directs water into the distribution network. The inlet and outlet are usually controlled automatically to regulate the water level. In some cases, it may be necessary to reduce the water pressure before the water enters the distribution network. This is realized with the help of pressure reducers to ensure that the pressure in the lines is reduced to a level suitable for the consumers.
Shape, capacity & structure
Their design, storage capacity and structure vary depending on the requirements of the respective water supply system. From small tanks that only store a few cubic meters of water to large systems that can hold thousands of cubic meters, everything is represented.
The basic elements of an elevated tank include:
- Tank structure: The outer structure is often made of concrete or steel, although other materials such as plastic or GRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) can also be used. The choice of material depends on factors such as durability, cost and environmental impact.
- Inner lining: to ensure water quality, the inside is usually covered with a special lining that prevents the penetration of impurities and limits the growth of algae and bacteria.
- Cover: Elevated tanks are often equipped with a cover that protects the water from contamination from the environment. The cover can be made of concrete, steel or other materials.
- Access and inspection openings: For maintenance and inspection purposes, elevated tanks have access and inspection openings that allow technicians to check the condition of the tank and perform necessary work.
Important aspects of construction, maintenance and renovation
Construction
The construction of an elevated tank requires careful planning and engineering. The following steps are typical for the construction of an elevated tank:
- Site selection: The choice of location is of fundamental importance. The location should be elevated to support natural water pressure into the distribution system and should be easily accessible to facilitate maintenance.
- Foundation works: Construction begins with foundation work, preparing the foundation for the elevated tank. This may include the use of concrete piers or other stabilizing structures.
- Tank construction: The actual tank structure is erected on the foundation. This can consist of prefabricated concrete segments that are assembled on site, or welded steel plates.
- Inner lining: The inner surfaces are provided with a special coating that ensures that the water remains clean and pure.
- Cover and equipment: The elevated tank is provided with a cover to protect the water. In addition, the necessary connections, valves and measuring instruments are installed.
Material
The choice of material for the construction of elevated tanks depends on several factors:
- Concrete: Concrete is a commonly used material due to its durability and resistance to environmental influences. It can be cast on site or assembled from prefabricated parts.
- Steel: Steel tanks are often faster to build and can be easily expanded as needed. However, they must be protected against corrosion.
- GRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic): GRP tanks are lightweight and corrosion resistant. They are often used for smaller elevated tanks or in regions with aggressive water.
The choice of material is influenced by factors such as cost, climate, available resources, and specific requirements of the water supply system.
Maintenance and refurbishment
Maintenance
The maintenance and cleaning of are of great importance to ensure the water quality and extend the life of the tank. This includes the removal of deposits, the inspection of leakage safety and the inspection of technical equipment.
Redevelopment
Elevated tank rehabilitation is a critical process to maintain the integrity and efficiency of this water infrastructure. Over time, corrosion, debris, and material fatigue can affect performance. Remediation typically involves removing debris, repairing damage, replacing wear parts, and applying new protective coatings to prevent corrosion. This increases the service life, ensures water quality and minimizes water loss. Remediation requires precise planning, expertise, and may require the temporary failure of the vessel. Nevertheless, it is essential to ensure the reliability of the drinking water supply. As an engineering company, IWR-GmbH offers elevated tank rehabilitation with a full range of services.
For more information, see the corresponding Wikipedia article.
Link to the services of IWR GmbH for the planning, construction and renovation of elevated tanks.